Category Archives: Paravar Personalities

KERALA FLOODS and the FISHERMEN.

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Further to what we reported earlier,of the sacrificial deed of the fishermen, to day we have come to know from the press that a young fisherman gave his back as a foot stool for ladies and babies to climb into life saving boats. This heart touching deed has been photographed by an onlooker and the image has gone viral all over earning appreciation of one and all.

My eyes swelled with proud tears when I read it.

The newspaper further reports that the boats brought from Trivandrum and Kollam by fishermen were bigger than the rescue boats of Government agencies and therefore could rescue and save more at a time than the small sized boats of the Government agencies

Kudos to these saving angels.May God bless them abundantly. And Let the Government remember them in times of their suffering.

by A.X Alexander

The kerala floods and fishermen.

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Our heart bleeds for our kith and kin of Kerala who undergo untold suffering caused by unprecedented floods.May God almighty give them the strength to get over the crisis. We are very sad that more than 350 have lost their lives and many have suffered loss of million rupees worth properties wealth and goods.

The Government of Kerala have done their best in relieving
the miseries of people.People from different parts of South India have contributed their mite to rehabilitate people who had been displaced. The all India service officers of Tamilnadu have contributed their days salary to the people of Kerala.The political parties like CPM , VCK of Tamilnadu have also announced their contribution. The Government of India had announced a relief of 500 crores . The countries in Middle East where Keralites live in large numbers have announced a relief of 700 crores, which the Government of India , is hesitating to accept, according to press reports. The prime minster has visited the flood affected area and has made his own assessment of damage.

The NDRF has done wonderful work in salvaging the stranded, building temporary bridges, removing the sliced earth, re -establishing roads and restoring communication. The police , unmindful of their personal misery have gone all out to mitigate the sufferings of the people.

The most important contribution was by the fishermen of Kerala, who have,moved over from sea shores and had deployed their boats, in watery inland, and for the first time tried their skills in gushing fresh water and had saved people and property. Many had sustained damages to their boats, and fractures of their limbs, and yet had gone on their mission of saving the sufferers. Pranoy Vijayan, the Chief Minister of Kerala has extolled their, act of kindness and love and had called them the unfailing soldiers of Kerala. I learn that among the saviours substantial number is Tamil speaking.

The GLOBAL PARAVAR is proud of these valiant soldiers.

by A.X. Alexander

FR. SARTORIO – ON THE HORSE BACK

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Readers may kindly refer to my three notes on Kamuthy and its hallowed church dedicated to St. Antony of Padua.

Here is some thing more. But   this is not on the church itself but on one of the early Jesuits — FR. SATORIO who came to Kamuthy and breathed his last afflicted by the dreaded cholera.  His grave is located in the south east corner of the church with an Indian version of grave with a canopy and an epitaph spelling out the year of death as 1852.

Folk lore is abounding on this priest’s concern for the villagers; and elders time and again have spoken that he was still on horse back and trotting in the streets of Kamuthy in the dead of the nights protecting them from the onslaughts of bad spirits, plague, famine etc. Candles are lit in scores and blessed oil is kept for smearing in the canopy to ward off evils.

To  express their gratitude ,the grateful Bharatha devotees , every year ,conduct asanam in the vicinity of the church itself on the day following the festival of St. Antony which  usually falls  on  13 th june.

The asanam is attended not only by the Bharathas   but also by different communities in Kamuthy, signifying the close relationship the community maintains with others in Kamuthy and illustrating the reverence for the Father.

The provocation for this article, stems from my recent re- reading a book on THE JESUITS IN INDIA BY W. STRICKLAND 1850, a British Jesuit.   He portrays the perilous times for the Jesuits of later 17 th century and early 18 th century  and lists out quite a few who fell a victim to Cholera in Madura mission. The heroism of these fallen heroes is so touching, that I wish everyone reads this slender volume reprinted by Asian educational services in 2001.costing   rs 461.

The first to die in cholera was Fr. Fidelis Alexander Martin who when he saw the faithful crying around him when he was sick said ‘’ I did not come to this country to live in it for ever ‘’

Fr. De Bournet who had been in the country and who had been placed under Fr Martin survived him scarcely twenty days after.  The flock felt they had lost a guide in their path to eternity.

The third was Father Alexander de Sardos , who when implored to take care of his health replied that he did not fear death. He kept his soul ready to go before GOD   and passed into eternity on 2nd February 1841.

The fourth was Fr. F. Charingnon who sank in the alter  and died on 21 February 1841.

These were succeeded in deaths by cholera by Frs F.  Garnier,superior of the mission , Peter Faurie. Claude de Champes, Louis du Ranquet, Francis Perrin, Louis Berlandis.

For some time there was a lull. But in July 1846 cholera again struck and Fr. St Ferriol, Fr. O Kenny, Fr. Audibert, Fr. F. Barret.were lost.

In 1849 Fr. Ponsdiver fell a victim.

1850 cholera again claimed a victim and this time it was a young priest not ordained a year. FR.Sartorio was a savoyard by birth and had proceeded to India before his novice- ship ended. He was one of the first priests ordained by the present bishop Dr. Canoz and was much loved by his companion.  He had just begun his labour among the natives, when he was sent to a village where violent dispute was raging, to endeavour to reconcile the adversaries. He was making some progress in this good work when he was seized with cholera, which was ravaging the village, and after a short illness died.’’

The village that had a raging conflict was Kamuthy  .  The death year mentioned in the epitaph slab is 1852. But Father Strickland would state that he died in 1850. Fr.Strickland published the book in 1852.

I feel there might be an error in the year mentioned in the slab.

What ever be the year of death of FR . Sartorio, in the psyche of Kamuthy Bharathas, he lives trotting his horse in the dead of nights chasing out evil spirits, demons, plague, pestilence and famine.

By A X Alexander

Neidal Anto’s Cruz Fernando

Neidal Anto of Tuticorin has sent two books to me through Ivarius Fernando ,Chennai , a fortnight back. One was on the most revered  Chairman that Tuticorin ever had , CRUZ FERNANDO  and the other on the town Tuticorin itself.

Both well written, in easily readable style, slender in size, flawless in grammar and spelling, appropriately fonted and neatly printed, and moderately priced.

The biography of Cruz Fernando delineates, his early days, his employment in mills, his association with his British masters, his public service in educating the poor boys  off  broker money, his attempts to bring water to thirsty Tuticorin from   the Tamiraparani, his daily  visit to hospital to tend the sick , his laying out the cemetery and the  market, his annoyance at the flea fested- foodstuff sale by the widow, and the compensation he renders to her , the efforts he takes to bring up a municipality building  etc.

All these are well known to any discerning Bharatha and to the enlightened in Tuticorin and elsewhere.  But the  knowledge , Neidhal Anto adds, on the Collector Ash being shot and killed by Vanchi, at Maniyachi in the book indeed is something many of us have so far not heard.He informs us that collector Ash was shot at , not so much for his oppressive handling of Tuticorin national rebels and the riots they caused but for violating the caste code of the times.

Anto would say that Collector Ash did the mistake of taking in his vehicle a low caste  pregnant woman in pangs through high caste street and offended their sentiments.

He would further aver that Ash ordered all his staff irrespective of their caste affiliation,to dine from the same table and drink from the same trough while in office—progressive steps much ahead of the times.

Anto records these information from hearsay. I wish he or some one else who reads these probes further and exposes if any record any where is available to substantiate and lend credit to such averments.

But one comparison comes to my mind. Dyer who massacred the congregation in jalianwallahbagh was reported to have been ired by the insult heaped on a British woman and took revenge on the crowd assembled in the Bagh.

Anto’s  stout defence of Cruz Fernando constructing a memorial for his friend Collector Ash who helped him to bring water to Tuticorin,but held in contempt by Nationalists  when the  nation was fighting against the British for independence is laudable. He informs the reader that it is equal to VOC naming his son Walleshwaran, in gratitude to Justice Wallace a Britisher, who restored his lawyer Sannad when he was in indignant circumstance in life.

There are pages in the biography where Anto bemoans the lack of adequate recognition for this great savant from the community. But books like the one  written by Neidal Anto  highlighting the selfless services of Cruz Fernando I am sure  would hasten the recognition for such noble souls.

On Neidal Anto’s ‘Tuticorin’ next Saturday.

By A.X Alexander

Pongal 2015

HONOURING JOE

A simple but elegant function was organised by CYRILL  ALEX and DR, MASCARENHAS  in MRF HALL , LOYOLA COLLEGE on 1st February to honour Joe  who has got  SAHITYA ACADEMY AWARD for his novel KORKKAI..

The galaxy that applauded JOE on the occassion included well known writers like INDRA PARTHASARATHY, JAYAMOHAN , CONSTANTINE VAREEDHAIAH , JUSTIN DIWAKKAR,and JOE VAIZ,
The function was presided by A.X. Alexander former Director general of  police and the vote of thanks was proposed by Cyril Alex. IVARIUS Editor Bharather Malar conducted the proceedings.

Joe thanked the organisers for honouring hIm.
The publicity for the function was done by Britto.

On Joe D’Cruz and Korkai

We request the readers of Global Paravar to revisit our article “N.R Rajaratnam – From Kilakkarai to Edinburgh” April 2012, where in we referred to Joe D’Cruz, Korkai – a voluminous novel.

JOE_D_CRUZJoe D’Cruz has now won the much acclaimed “Sahitya Academy Award” and would be honoured in Delhi with a handsome award of one lakh rupees and a copper parchment. The Global Paravar feels extremely happy about the singular achievement of the son of our soil, and feels very proud of him.

In fact, we did feel when we read the novel longtime back that it would merit an award of this kind.

Please note what we wrote then:-

“Korkai is not only a novel but also a chronicle of the times. We must appreciate Joe, for his deep study, extensive research, versatile scholarship and graphic portrayal of the times, he presents in the novel”

We also expressed a desire that one should read this novel to have a glimpse of the trends of the time and rise and fall of the community in the last century.

We expressed further, our desire that the faculties in colleges and universities should strive to include Korkai in the syllabus under Neithal Ilakkiyam. In fact more than once, I expressed to Joe, to present his novel for the scrutiny  of universities. Now that, Sahitya Academy has honoured him, it would be easy for faculties in universities and colleges to include the novel in their syllabus. The reason for my advocacy of this novel, into the syllabus in colleges and universities is not to give material benefits for Joe but to imbue, in the minds of innumerable readers and students, the culture of costal people, who alas! languish, under very severe pressure these days. The last few pages of Korkai have good lessons for the community and many a time, I requested Joe, if I could translate those pages and upload them in Global Paravar. He willingly subscribed to it, but reconsidering I demurred, for I felt  the book must be read in totality and in original by all and not in translation and in bits and fragments.

Seeing our review in “Global Paravar” Joe, who, then not known to me, wrote “Good Day and thanks for  your review about the novel Korkai. This is the first recognition to receive from the community. I read this article with tears. Thanks and Regards . R.N Joe D’Cruz.”

Joe, now says that he has compiled materials for another novel. This time on merchant shipping. We look forward to it.

We are happy – once again we say – that he has enriched the cultural fabric of our community by his novel. Let us praise him from roof tops and conduct “vasagar vattams”, wherever possible and read his novels.

by A.X.Alexander

சி.சி தொண் மிக்கேல் ஜொவாம் தெக்குரூஸ் பரதவர்ம் பாண்டியன் .(கி.பி 1553-1562)

இவ்வழுதி குலசேகரன் கி.பி.1553 ஆம் ஆண்டில் ஏழு கடற்றுர்றைக்கும் அதிபயாதிய் அரியாசனத்தில் அமர்ந்தான். இவன் தந்தையின் அரசியலிலுண்டான பகைவரின் கொடுஞ் செயல் யாவும் போர்த்துக்கால் அரசால் அடக்கப்பட்டமயால் இவனின் குடிகள் அனைவரும் அமரிக்கையுடன் இவன் நாளில் வாழ்ந்தனர். பரதர் நடுவில் வேதச் சுடரைப் பரப்பிய அருந்தவத் தோனாகிய சவியேர் முனிவன் மனிலா நகரத் துறவறக் கன்னியரிடம் பரதருக்காய்க் கேட்ட அதிசய பனிமய மாதா சுரூபம் கி.பி.1555 ம் ஆண்டு ஜூன் மாதம் 9 ம் திகதி “சந்தலனு” என்னும் கப்பல் வழியாய்த் தூத்துக்குடி வந்திதியத்து. இத்திருச் சுரூபம் இங்கு வந்த செய்தியை இவ்வரசனால் அறிந்த எழு கடற்றுறை வாழும் அடப்பன்மாரும் பட்டங்கட்டிகளும் ஆதிய பரத மக்களும் இத்திருமந்திர நகரில் வந்து நிறைந்தனர்.சங்.பி.மிக்கேல்வாஸ் என்ற போர்த்துக்கால் குருசிரேட்டர் வானவரும் போற்றரிய இப்பனிமயத்தயின் பொன்னடியைப் புகழ்ந்தேற்றி, அத்தாய்க்குப் “பரதர் மாதா” என்ற திருநாமத்தைச் சூட்டி ,சந்திரனை மிதித்த இச்சருவலோக ஆத்தாளைச் சம்பாவுல் ஆலயத்தில் எழுந்தேற்றஞ் செய்தனர்.
சிஞ்ஞோர் சிஞ்ஞோர் தொன் மிக்கேல் ஜொவாம் தெக்குரூஸ் பரதவர் பாண்டியன் ஆண்டு ஒன்பது அரசியற்றிக் தனது ஏக குமாரத்தியாகிய தோனு மரிய மர்கரீத் தெக்குரூஸ் பரதவர்ம பாண்டிய தேவிக்குச் செங்கோலை அளித்து 1562 ம் வருடம் ‘குடம்பை தனித்திருப்பப் பறவை பறப்பது போல்’ பரமனின் பாதஞ் சேர்ந்தான்.
மேலே யாம் சொன்ன அடப்பன்மார் என்பவர்களே பரதகுலச் சிற்றரசர்கள். அடங்காத பகை வரை அடக்கும் அடல் செறிந்த தன்மையால் இவர்க்கு அடப்ப்ன் எனப் பெயர் நிலவியது. கடந்தடு கானைச் சோலாதனை என்ற புறநானூற்றின் செய்யுளும் இதற்கோர் மேற்கொளாகும் அடு அப்பன் என்பது அடப்பன் என முற்று மற்றொரோ வழி என்ற பவணந்தி முனிவரின் விதி கொண்டு புணர்ந்ததென்க. அரசனை அப்பன் என்றல் அன்பின் பெருக்கே. இவ்வடப்பன் என்ற பெயர்க்கு டாக்டர் உவின்சலோ நெய்தற்றலைவன் பட்டப் பெயர் என எழுதியுள்ளார். இதனை ஆங்காங்கு நூல்களில் எழுதிப் பரப்பினர் ஒரு சாரார். மஞ்சுதரு மீனவராகிய பரத குலப் பரவர் நெய்தல் நில மக்களா? திவாகரம், பிங்கிலந்தை, சூடாமணி என்னும் ஆதி நூற்களில் பரதரை நெய்தனில் மக்களாக எழுதினர் எவருமில்லை.
“பரதவர் நுளையரோடு பஃறியர் திமிலர் சாலர் கருதிய கடலர் கோலக் கழியரே நெய்தன் மக்கன்”
என்பர் சூடாமணி நிகண்டு நூலார். இங்கே பரதவரேயன்றிப் பரவர் பெயர் கண்டதில்லை. இன்னும் நெய்தனிலத் தலைவர் எவரெனச் சூடாமணி நிகண்டில் பார்ப்போம்.
”கொண்கனே துறைவனோடு குறித்த மெல்லன் புலம்பன்
தண்கடற் சேர்ப்ப னெய்தற் றலைவனைச் சாற்று நாமம்”
இங்கு அடப்பன் என்ற சொல்லின் அடிப்படையுங் காணோம்! அங்ஙன மிருப்ப , அடப்பனை நெய்தனிலத் தலைவனாக்கி அவ்வடப்பன் குலப் பரவரை நெய்தனில மக்களாக்கல் பிழையன்றோ ? மீனவரிலிருந்து தோன்றியவரே பரவர். மீனவரும் பரவரும் ஒரே இனத்தவர் என மஞ்சுதருவில் தோண்டியெடுத்த சித்திர லிபிக் கல் வெட்டுகள் செப்புகின்றன.இதை உருவெழுத்தாசிரியர் சங். ஹிராஸ் சுவாமிகள் எழுதிய “மஞ்சுதரு மீனவன்” என்ற நூல் இனிது விளங்குகின்றது. அதுவுமின்றி ,பண்டைச் சங்க நூற்களெல்லாம் பாண்டியனை மீனவன், மீனவர் கோன் என முழக்கஞ் செய்கின்றன.மீனவன் பாண்டியனாகில் மீனவனின்று தோன்றிய பரவனும் பாண்டியனே என்பது தேற்றம். எனவே , பாண்டியராகிய மஞ்சுதரு பரவரை ‘நெய்தனில் மக்கள் என்றும் ,அன்னவர் குலச் சிற்றரசராகிய அடப்பன் மாரை நெய்தனிலத் தலைவர் என்றும் கூறல் பெரு பிழை என்பாம்.

Article from Pannimaya Malar 1947 by Pandithar – M.X Rubin Verma

REV. FR FRANCIS MORAIS SJ (18.10.1909 – 27.05.1986)

Fr. Morais– despite his ill health– wrote voluminously and was the Author of famous Sooriyan Saya sung all over once before- now cached in the internet. We are trying to locate his Uvagai Ullam but not still be able to lay our hands on.Those of you among our readers —if you have this copy please give a copy to us to enable us to make a critical study of his works..

He was my teacher in St Josephs college Trichy and taught me Newmans Idea of a university. He corrected my composition too.

My father a boarder in St Josephs was under the tutelege of Fr. Morais who was his second prefect, he mentioned to me that Fr. Morais would be present in the Fort Railway station to see off all Tuticorin and other Paravs boys when they proceed on Holidays and all of them would sing Sooriyan Saya before the train steams off Fort railway station homeward.

by A.X.Alexander

REV. FR FRANCIS MORAIS SJ[1] (18.10.1909 – 27.05.1986)

The passing away of Fr Morais on 27 May was the most unexpected event, which took everyone by surprise. He had been seriously ill several times, had often been in the hospital, had undergone serious operations, even brain surgery, had cerebral haemorrhage, but the time fixed by the Master for his final call had not arrived. It came on the most unexpected day and in the most unexpected way. He was in the ordinary state of his health, he had visited some friends in Dindigul on the day before; his niece also came to see him. Then on the morning of 27 he bade adieu to her not knowing it was to be his last. After her departure at about 9 0′ clock he went to concelebrate Mass with Fr Motha in a private room. This daily concelebration was his great consolation. The presence of someone by the side on whom he could rely freed him from all anxiety about the ceremonies and worry about finding a suitable time and server for the Mass. At the end of the Mass on this day he asked Fr Motha if he could sing. When asked to go ahead he came out with his poem on the flagstaff of the Church “KOVIL MUHAPPIL KODI MARAMEETHILE”. After the Mass he was his usual-self walking about in the corridors and saying a word here and a word there. Lunch and recreation followed the normal course. He went to bed to take siesta at about 2. 30 p. m. Apparently, when he was trying to get up from bed he had a fall and quietly breathed his last. The Master’s call had come.

Francis Morais was born in Tuticorin on 18 Oct. 1909 of devout parents, Simon Morais and Arockiammal Mascarenhas. He belonged to the parish of Our Lady of Snows and had throughout his life kept the spirit of simple and ardent devotion to Our Lady characteristic of the place. He had his elementary and high School education in Ornellas and St. Francis Xavier’s respectively, both in Tuticorin. After his SSLC he went in 1926 to St Xavier’s Palayamkottai for his Inter and BA. While in the College he came under the influence of Fr Mudiappar who guided him into the Society. It was generally said that very few college boys came under the influence of this pious father. Fr Morais was one of the very few, almost the only one so that he was often •teased as the ‘Unigenitus’ of the father.

Morais joined the novitiate after his BA. on 16 June 1930. Those days were full of stress and tension in the country. The newspapers carried these headlines: “Failure of the Simon Commission” “Gandhi-Irwin Pact”, “Round Table Conference”, Churchill’s ”Half-naked fakir” speech. The National movement for independence was gaining momentum. For those who were innocent of these matters this meant nothing but for a college boy who took interest in the national movement it meant tension. It was difficult to be away from the bustle of those days and from the men of high ideals who were in the forefront, not to have even an accurate knowledge of what was happening. It will be difficult for those who came to the Society after the “freedom at midnight” to grasp the situation of those days. The Church leaders were wary of the national movement. Even to speak of the love of the country and its culture was judged to be a sign of lack of religious dedication and indifference. The word inculturation did not exist and the substance it is meant to represent was suspect. Fortunately Fr Ayraud who was his novice master for a year and a half was a man of understanding. He remarked that it would be strange if one coming from the College was not interested in these things. But it meant tension for a Jesuit who loved his vocation and whose love for his country meant presenting it with all its cultural heritage to the Lord of history.

After the novitiate came the juniorate for a year and a half. Besides language studies, science and maths formed part of the curriculum. Morais was in his elements. Fr Froehly who was at the beginning in charge of the juniorate used to speak of him as a ‘brainy lad’! From now on he was also teaching Tamil to his fellow scholastics. Probably now began or at least developed his hobby of writing poems. The very popular Tamil song ‘” Sooriyan Saya” was written at this time, when he was a junior. Very soon it spread throughout Tamil Nadu.

During the juniorate and philosophy Morais used to visit the villages of the hills in an effort to visit “evangelize them.

Sometimes he arranged Mass in the distant villages generally taking with him Fr. Cornbaluzier who was ever ready for these excursions with the scholastics. In the juniorate he and his companions started to build up a Tamil Classical library
which later was shifted to the Fathers’ library and then to Satya Nilayam when philosophy was shifted to Madras.

After his philosophy he was sent to St. Joseph’s for his regency. At this time he lost his father, but was not able to go for the funeral. He was prefect of the College division of the boarders, while teaching in the school. At the same time
he worked with Fr. Jerome D’Souza’s help on a thesis for M. Litt. degree “Pioneers of Modern English Poetry especially Gerard Manley Hopkins”. Later he passed his
M. A. in Tamil. Thus he was well qualified in English and in Tamil. Moreouer his poetic talents made him apt professor

to visit the villagers of the hills in an effort to evangelize them. Sometimes he arranged Mass in the distant villages generally taking with him Fr Cornbaluzier who was ever ready for these excursions with the scholastics. In the juniorate he and his companions started to build up a Tamil Classical library which later was shifted to the Fathers’ library and then to Satya Nilayam when philosophy was shifted to Madras.

After his philosophy he was sent to St Joseph’s for his regency. At this time he lost his father, but was not able to go for the funeral. He was prefect of the College division of the boarders, while teaching in the school. At the same time he worked with Fr Jerome D’ Souza’s help on a thesis for M Litt. degree “Pioneers of Modern English Poetry especially Gerard Manley Hopkins”. Later he passed his MA in Tamil. Thus he was well qualified in English and in Tamil. Moreover his poetic talents made him apt professor to teach the juniors rhetoric, poetry and/prose in Tamil and English. During his regency and theology he used to contribute learned articles to the New Review and Tamil Culture.

In 1941 he was sent to Pune for his theology which at that time was conducted in St Vincent’s School complex. Naturally he worked zealously helping the Pune Mission fathers in their apostolate among the Tamils of Kirkee and Pune. He was ordained on March 24, 1944.

When he returned to the province he was sent to the juniorate to teach English for a year before his Tertianship in Kodai in 1946-47 After his Tertianship he was sent to St Joseph’s to teach in the College. At that time the province conceived the idea of starting a socio, – political, – literary magazine in Tamil, as the Society had in other countries and languages. It was thought that Fr Morais would be the fittest person to start that magazine.

With this idea in view he was sent to Madurai to be the editor of the Tamil Messenger of the Sacred Heart and then gradually to start the other paper. He took over the editor¬ship of the Messenger from Fr Anandu and set himself to plan the other paper which was to be a fortnightly and called Thai Nadu.

The first number of the paper appeared in the middle of January 1951. Though the services of excellent writers like Mr Thomas Srinivasan and Mr Rampolla Mascarenhas were secured the business side of the paper was in doldrums. It had no financial foundation, having to depend upon income from subscriptions and advertisements which were not forthcoming. The editor himself had to go from place to place trying to get subscribers and helpers. The labour which this entailed and especially the worry accompanying it was too much for his strength. He broke down under its strain, he had a stroke of cerebral haemorrhage which necessitated lengthy treatment in Madras. Recovering gradually from it he was slowly drawn into the teaching line. For some time he taught in St Joseph’s then in the juniorate, Shembaganur. When the junior ate was brought down to Beschi College Fr Morais came with it to teach English.

As teacher he may be said to have given his students a taste for Tamil and English. He encouraged them to develop their talents. He took paternal interest in the scholastics even after they had left the juniorate. He used to take pains to go to the railway station to meet his former students travelling in the train. Usually he carried with him snacks for Weary Travellers.

Though he was teaching he had not regained his strength. In the meanwhile he had to undergo two or more serious operations in the stomach. When he recovered from these maladies he was not his old self. He was weak, he used to faint often. It was thought that brain surgery would do him good. The operation was done in Madras by a prominent
neuro-surgeon. It was a success, and he began to teach again. He was sent to Loyola for some time. But becoming weaker and weaker he was relieved of all teaching work and given light ministry as that of spiritual father of boys in St Joseph’s Thiruchirappalli, or St Mary’s, Dindigul. Frequently he was indisposed and had to be treated in the hospital. Finally he was sent to Beschi.

Though unable to do any serious work, he was cheerful; in recreations he was usually the centre of jokes at his expense by younger men many of whom had been his students. He took in good part, even provoking, teasing by them. In community functions he was always ready to contribute his share, which was generally a poem of his own composition which he sang. In group masses or prayer services he came out with such songs with great devotion. He would sing his poems whenever asked. Once he was introduced to the doctor in the hospital who was celebrating his birthday or some other event. To greet him Fr Morais broke out into an apt song of his own composition to the astonishment and great joy of the doctor.

It may be surprising to note that during all these years of stress and suffering, through the ups and downs of health he kept alive his interest in Tamil writing and studies. Mention has been made of his poems which he wrote from his scholasticate days.

A collection of these poems were published under the title ‘Uvagai Ullam” some years ago. They were reprinted in 1980 as a remembrance of his golden jubilee in the Society. Someone who is well-versed in literature speaks of these poems thus “They touch the heart, fill it with fine emotions and elevate it heavenwards. The author speaks of very ordinary objects like the broken bridge and the bullock cart and raises our hearts to noble ideals. His style combines the higher poetic style and as occasion requires, the ordinary spoken Tamil. The poems unveil a tender heart that had enjoyed the facts and feasts of Tuticorin and a mind that had indulged in English literature, breathing in the spirit of Francis Thompson and Newman”.

At the beginning of his career as a writer he attempted to do some pioneering work in literary criticism in Tamil. Literary criticism at least in those days was rather scarce in Tamil. What passed for such merely an explanation of the words or the context and an undue adulation of the author.
Fr Morais thought to initiate real literary criticism at least in Christian circles. He wrote a critical essay on some of the poems of a well known and revered catholic poet. The censor would not allow it to be published not because of any flaw in the writing but simply because it would be considered the height of pride for a youngster to make any critical remark however justified on a well known and respected writer. There was much discussion in the higher circles about the paper. Finally it was allowed to be printed after introducing some palliative phrases and explanations. Actually no one took offence.

He kept in touch with the current literature and writers. He dutifully attended all the meetings of Tamil writers and poets in the state. He was greatly helped in all this by Prof. Rampolla Mascarenhas who introduced him to very many Tamil scholars and writers. On one occasion he met a daughter and a grand-daughter of the poet Bharathi. They were pleased to hear that he had written articles on the poet in the New Review. He spoke sometimes in the All India Radio on Tamil literary topics.

When the province thought of encouraging Tamil writing among our men the idea of the Beschi Writers’ Association was mooted. It was received with great diffidence and hesitation, especially because of the failure of the Thai Nadu project. But the decision was finally taken and Fr Morais was its first secretary. The out-put of that Association during the years is well known.

Love of the poor was a characteristic of Fr Morais, This was especially evident since his ordination. Finding ways and means of helping them and when in Shembaganur, of procuring warm clothing for them, was his constant concern. He tried to give them stable help by securing jobs for them. This love of the poor was only one aspect of his broad spirit of compassion for the sufferings of others whether rich or poor. Anyone who approached him for help would find in him a ready benefactor. On his side he felt grateful for any little help given him. He would treasure any token of sympathy such as a letter from someone at an unexpected moment.

We may mention here that from the days of Sr Franciscus he had been frequently in St Joseph Hospital, Dindigul, many times undergoing serious operations. He was aware that he was not a docile patient. He would relate with glee the ruse he employed to get round the doctor’s directions
as for instance her ban on cigarettes, and her instruction not to get up from bed after a serious operation. But he was quite conscious of what he owed to Dr Franciscus and her devoted assistants. He was touched by her dedicated service and kept always a deeply grateful remembrance of her.

He was off and on in the hospital and received solicitous care from the sisters which he greatly appreciated. But when the time came it was not in the hospital but in his own room in Beschi College that he departed this life.

by Fr M D John SJ

THE BATTLES OF VEDHALAI – Fr . ANTHONY CRIMINALI S.J. —THE PARAVA CONNECTION.

In one of my articles in this website, I mentioned that I would write a note soon, on the battles of Vedhalai ,; but , soon , it was not to be. But here it is now ! on the day they celebrate the Martyr of Vedhalai.

116Vedhalai , for the information of those who do not know its location, is situated West of Mandapam camp and North East of Kilakkarai in the Gulf of Mannar on the main road from Madurai to Rameshwaram. It is a very small coastal village, with considerable Muslim population. It has a central school mostly for the children of the officials of CMFRI, Coast Guard, Indian Navy and locals. It has a vast stretch of beautiful white sanded beach – still unexplored commercially by any charlatan. The village is also a house for ponies and horses and some of the horses dance to the tunes of latest cine music. I used to wonder, how on earth horses came to this arid piece of land. I used to muse that these must have been distant descendents of the Arabian horses brought by the Moors for the Vijayanagar empire. May be correct also.

The Portuguese in the sixteenth century selected Vedhalai as a check post –as it was a strategic point for them– to keep a watch over the ships that would carry commercial goods to Siam, Bengal, Ceylon, Coramandal coast, and Pegu. They would not allow anyone to pass Vedhalai without paying taxes to them as they had introduced the system of CARTAZES – a sort of passport for any vessel to sail past. To station their troops and servants they with the permission of Paramakudi Nayak established a temporary mud Fort. Perhaps this was the first Fort of the Portuguese in the Tamil coast.

The presence and authority they exercised over the seas and the vessals were not to the liking of sailors of Kilakkarai and they in the company of Zamorin of the western coast murdered Joa Floares, the Portuguese captain who was friendly to the Paramakudi Nayak.

Their second attempt to divest the Portuguese of their control of Vedhalai was with the help of Zamorin and this was foiled by Alphonso de’souza the Portuguese captain in January 1538.

The Zamorin who could not brook the defeat of his forces at the hands of Portuguese who were after all aliens in this land, sent a formidable force along with the forces from Ceylon; and the massive forces were given a severe drubbing by Alphonso once again on 28 th February 1538 .

Having established firmly at Vedhalai and having vanquished the Kilakkarai rivals and their western and southern supporters, the Portuguese virtually became the lord of the Vedhalai seas and paid no tax or obeisance to the Vijayanagar empire, the ruling empire of those days.

The Vijayanagar empire did not take this defiance lightly. To cut them to size, they sent a very strong army of more than 6000 soldiers and attacked the Vedhalai settlement in 1549. There were only fifteen Portuguese when they came down like wolf on the fold, the rest having fled.

In 1553, again the Kilakkarai rivals of Portuguese, to wrest control of the sea and its passage , attacked the Portuguese stationed at Vedhalai. The Portuguese forces under the fleet commander of Kochi Gill Fernandez de Carvalho attacked the Kilakkarai rivals at Kilakkarai itself and in a fierce battle defeated them . In the attempts of the Portuguese to keep the Kilakkarai rivals under subjugation solid support was given by Thumbichhy Nayak of Paramakudi who himself was a rebellious vassal of Vjayanagar empire. He was divested of his Seemai by the Empire for this act of betrayal.

With the deprivation of Paramakudi Seemai, and with its re- assignment to a votary, the tax imposed and collected from sea was sent to Vijayanagar empire. But the Portuguese who collected Tax by their system of Cartaaz demurred. This considerably irritated the Vijayanagar empire and its local governor at Madurai.
Further the Portuguese started demanding tax from the pilgrims to the Ramanathaswamy temple. The demand for the tax imposed on the pilgrims along with the irritating presence of the Portuguese on the way to the temple considerably reduced the number of pilgrims affecting the income to the temple priest who made complaints to the Governor of the Vijayanagar empire at Madurai about the tax.

The Governor who felt offended by this act ordered Vithalaya Naik to march on Vedhalai and decimate the encampment. The Kilakkarai rivals also joined them .
The Portuguese could not sustain themselves against this attack. They went and took shelter in Vallai Tivu and Anaibar islands. The fort was razed to the ground and the trenches around were filled to the brim. They destroyed all the ships anchored in the sea.

An Italian Jesuit missionary by name Antonio Criminali who lived and preached among these Portuguese and fishermen was way laid, stabbed and killed on the spot . His head was severed and held up on a post. His body was recovered the day after this murder, and buried but none is able to decipher where exactly, in the beach. The Portuguese deserted this place there after never to return. But yet, they wormed their way to Kilakkarai thereafter and did pearl fishing.

117Fr. Antonio Criminali, a Jesuit was a contemporary of Fr. Francis Xavier. He was appointed by Fr. Francis Xavier as the superior of priests, in the coast up to Kanyakumari. He was preaching and acting as spiritual father among the Portuguese and coastal fishermen and in fact did not fully agree with the Portuguese officials in estranging the pilgrims to Ramanathaswamy temple. There is a small church at Vedhalai where his picture is prominently displayed with a lancer piercing his breast and announcing his age at the time of his martyrdom as only 29. (1520—1549).It is 464 years since he made his supreme sacrifice in Vedhalai.

They are celebrating his memory on 25 th May 2013 at Vedhalai.
The battle in which Fr. Antonio Criminali was killed is well described by Fr.J.P.Tehsal S.j.(the original written in 1905 could not be got. But I have the translation brought out in 1905 by St. Joseph’s college press which has been republished by Fr.Arul Santiago parish priest of Vedhalai) . It reads as follows::–‘’

வேதத்துக்காகக் கொலையுண்டு மரிக்கிறார்.

வேதாளையிருந்த ஸ்திதியைக் கண்ட சத்ருக்களோ, அதில் இருக்கப்பட்ட போர்த்துக்கீச் சேவகர் வெகு சொற்பமென்று சண்டைக்கான சாமான்கள் அவர்களுக்குக் கிடையாதென்றும் தீடீரென அவர்களைப் பலமாய்த் தாக்கினால், தங்களை எதிர்த்துப் போராட வல்லவர்கள் அல்ல என்றும் பார்த்து, உடனே அங்கே வந்து தாணையம் போட்டிதிருந்த மதுரைத் தேசாதிபதியாக நாயக்கரின் பட்டாளத்தை தங்களுக்கு உதவியாகத் தேடி, ஈட்டித் துப்பாக்கி முதலிய ஆயுதங்கள் அணிந் திருந்த சேவகர் உத்தேசம் ஐநூறு அல்லது அறுநூறு பேரடங்கிய படை வகுப்பு ஒன்றைத் தயார் பண்ணினார்கள். பின்னும் இவர்கள்எல்லோரும் போர்த்துக்கீசரால் தங்கள் தெய்வத்துக்குச் செய்யப்பட்ட நிந்தைக்குப் பழிவாங்க வேண்டுமென்று உக்கிரமமான ஆவல் கொண்டவர்களாய் முந்த முந்த வேதாளைக்குப் போய் அங்கிருந்து சேது அணைச் சென்று, போர்த்துக்கீசரால் வெட்டிவிடப்பட்ட கால்வாயை அடைக்க வேண்டுமென்பதாய்த் தீவிரித்துப் புறப்பட்டார்கள்.

சேனாதிபதியும், சத்துருக்களின் வலிமையை அறிந்தவனாய் இனி அங்கிருப்பது கன ஆபத்தென்று கண்டு தாமதமின்றியே தானும் தன் சேவகரும் புன்னைக் காயலில் இருந்து கப்பல்களில் ஏறித் தப்பிப் பிழைப்பதை விட, வேற வழியில்லை என்று தீர்மானித்து ,எளிதாய்க் கப்பல்களில் ஏறிக் கொள்ளும் படியாகக் கடற்கரையை அடுத்துப் போய் விட்டான்.

அப்பொழுது வேதாளையில் இருந்த அந்தோனி கிரிமினாலி என்ற குருவானவர் கொஞ்சத்துக்கு முன் மனம் திரும்பின புதுக் கிறிஸ்துவர்களுக்குப் புத்தி போதனை சொல்பதில் வெகு முயற்சியாய் இருந்தார். இதோ, சேனாபதியும் அவனோடு இருக்கப்பட்ட நாற்பது சேவகரும் போய்விடுவார் களேயாகில் , சுதேசக் கிறிஸ்துவர்களை அக்கியானிகள் பலவாறாக உபாதித்து, இன்னும் அவர்க்ளைக் கொல்லவே கூடுமேயென்னு யோசித்துப் பார்த்து, அருளப்ப பெர்னாந்தஸ் கொர்ரேயா என்ற சேனாதிபதியுடம் சென்று

“ஓ! துரையே! இச்சமயத்தில் நீரும் உமது சேவகரும் இவ்விடத்தை விட்டு அப்புறப்படுவது சரியல்ல. சத்துருக்களுடன் நேரத்தோட சமாதான உடன்படிக்கை செய்து கொள்வதே உத்தமம்”

என்றுரைக்க, சேனாதியானவன்,

“சுவாமீ, இந்தக் சனத்துடனே சமாதானம் பேசுவது எனக்கு யோக்கியமாகுமோ!” என்று சொல்லி, “தேவரீர் உயிர் பிழைக்க வேண்டுமானால், என்னோடு கப்பல் வந்து சேரும். இல்லாவிட்டால் உமக்கு உயிர் சேதம் வருவது தப்பாது”
என்று குருவானவரைத் தன்னோடு வர மன்றாடினான்.

இவ்வார்த்தைகளைக் கேட்கவும், நமது பரிசுத்த அப்போஸ்தலர் மிகவாய்த் துக்கித்து, *“நல்ல மேய்ப்பன் தன் ஆடுகளுக்காகத் தன் உயிரைக் கொடுப்பான்”*, என்று கர்த்தர் திருவுளம் பற்றிய சொற்களை நினைவு கூர்ந்து சேனாபதியை நோக்கி:

“துரையே, உமது விருப்பப்படி நான் நடப்பது கூடாது. கிளியை வளர்த்துப் பூனை கையில் கொடுப்பாருண்டோ! நான் இதுவரையிலும் அவ்வளவு அன்பாய் விசாரித்து வந்த இக்கிறிஸ்தவர்களை, ஆபத்தான இவ்வேளையில் விட்டுப் பிரிவேனேயாகில், அவர்கள் தாயற்ற பிள்ளைகளும், மேய்ப்பனற்ற ஆடுகளுமாய்த் தவிப்பார்களே! இது எப்பேர்க்கொத்த பரிதாபம்! என் ஞான மக்களைப் பாதுகாப்பில் நான் செத்தாலும் சாவேனெயொழிய ஒரு போதும் அவர்களை விட்டுப் பிரியேன்.” என்று சேனாபதியோடு கப்பலில் ஏறிப் போகச் சம்மதித்தவரல்ல. ஆனால் கிறிஸ்தவர்களில் எத்தனை பேரைக் கப்பலில் ஏற்றிக் கொண்டு போகக் கூடுமோ, அவ்வளவு பேரையும் விஷேசமாய்ப் பெண் பிள்ளைகளையும் கப்பலில் எற்றிக் கொண்டு போகத் துரையிடம் கேட்டுக் கொண்டார். என்றாலும், கப்பல்களில் ஒரே தடவையில் ஜனங்களை எற்றி விடப் படகு தோணிகள் சிறியவைகளாகவும் பூச்சியமகாவும் இருந்த படியினால் கொஞ்சம் பேருக்கு மாத்திரம் இந்தச் சகாயம் கிடைத்தது.

இவ்வண்ணமே கடற்கரை ஓரத்தில் பேசிக் கொண்டு அவதியவதியாகச் சனங்களைக் கடத்திக் கொண்டிருக்கும் நேரத்தில் சத்துருக்கள் அங்கே சேர்ந்து ,போர்த்துக்கீசரை நோக்கிச் சில துப்பாக்கி சுட்டதில், மூன்று பேர் செத்தும் , மூன்று பேர் கடும் காயக்பட்டும் விழ்ந்தார்கள். அந்தோனி கிரிமினாலி என்ற குருவானவரை எங்கும் பின் சென்று வந்திருந்த *பரத குலத்தவரான* உபதேசியாரும் அபாயமான தருணத்தில் தன் நேச குருவை விட்டுப் பிரிய மனம் சகியாமல், அவர் கிட்ட நின்று கொண்டிருக்கும் போது துப்பாக்கிக் குண்டு தைத்துக் கீழே விழுந்து மரித்தார். போர்த்துக்கீஸ் சேவகரும் அக்கியானிகளோடு வெகு வீரியமாய்ப் போராடி அநேகரைச் சுட்டு விழத்தாட்டி யிருந்தாலும், கையில் இருந்த மருந்துகளெல்லாம் செலவாகிப் போக, சத்ருக்கள் கூட்டமும் வர வர அதிகரிக்க, அவர்களே எதிர்த்துத் தாக்க வகையின்றி, பின்னிடைந்துபோய்த் தங்கள் கப்பல்களில் ஏறி, ஆபத்துக்குத் தப்ப நடுக்கடல் சென்றார்கள்.

இப்படியிருக்கச் சத்ருக்கள் வெகுவாய் இரைந்து வெகு மூர்க்கத்துடன் புதுக்கிறிஸ்துவர்களைத் தாக்க அவர்களில் அநேகர் கடலில் பாய்ந்து, அந்தக் கடலில் அங்குமிங்கும் இருக்கப்பட்ட சிறு தீவுகளிலேயாவது போய்ச் சேர்ந்து உயிர் பிழைக்கலாமென்று பார்த்ததில் நீச்சல் தெரிந்தவர்கள் நீங்கலாக, மற்றவர்கள் தண்ணீரில் அமிழ்ந்த மடிந்தார்கள். அநேகர் கோப வெறி கொண்ட அக்கியானிகளால் கொல்லப்பட்டார்கள்.

ஆனால் அந்தோனி கிரிமினாலியென்ற குருவானரைக் கண்ட சத்ருக்களில் முதல் இரு கூட்டத்தாரும், அவரை ஒன்றும் செய்யாமல் போய்விட்டார்கள். ஆயினும் அவர் முழங்காலில் இருந்து இரு கரங்களையும் விரித்து, வானத்தை நோக்கித் தமது கண்களை உயர்த்தி வெகு உருக்கமாய்ச் செபம் செய்து கொண்டு தமது மரணத்தை எதிர்பார்த்துக் கொண்டிருந்தார். அப்போது அங்கே வந்த சத்ருக்களின் மூன்றாங் கூட்டத்தார் சத்தியவேதக்குருவாகிய இவர் மட்டில் தங்கள் நிஷ்டூரத்தையும் பகைவராக்கியதையும் காட்டத் துவக்கினார்கள், அதெப்படியென்றால், ஓர் ஈட்டியால் அவர் விலாவின் இடது பக்கத்தில் குத்த அக்காயத்தில் இருந்து அவர் திரளாய் இரத்தம் சிந்தினார். கொடும்புலிகள் நடுவே சிக்கின செம்மிறிப்புருவைக்கு ஒப்பாய் இத்துஷ்டர்கையில் அகப்பட்டவர், தாம் அன்று காலையில் திவ்விய பூசைப் பலி ஒப்புக் கொடுத்துவிட்டு வந்திருந்த வேதாளைக் கோவிலில் போய் மரிக்க ஆசை கொண்டு, எழுந்து சற்றுத் தூரம் நடந்து போக, இரும்பிலும் கொடிய துஷ்டர், மீளவும் அவர் நெஞ்சில் வலுவாய்க் குத்த, ஈட்டியும் நெஞ்சில் பாய்ந்து, அதைவிட்டு வராமல் இருக்க, இதோ அவர் குப்புற விழுந்தார். வேத விரோதிகளும் அவர்மேல் விழுந்து அடித்து உபாதித்து, அவர் அணிந்திருந்த உடுப்புகளையும், இரத்தத்தால் நனைந்து சிகப்பாயிருந்த அவர் உட்சட்டையுந்த தானே பறித்துக் கொண்டார்கள். ஆனால் கர்த்தரின் விஷேச கருணையால் அவர் கால் சட்டை மாத்திரம் மரியாதையாக விடப்பட்டது.

குருவானவரும் சொல்லிடங்கா வலி வேதனை அனுபவத்திருந்தும் கோவிலில் போய்ச் சேர்ந்து அங்கே உயிர் விடும் ஆசையால், இன்னும் ஒருவிசை எழுந்து நடக்கக் கொஞ்சம் பிரயாசைப்பட்டு பார்க்கையில், மகா நிஷ்டுரனான ஒருவன் ஈட்டியால் மூன்றாம் விசையாக அவர் விலாவின் வலது பக்கத்தில் பலமாய்க் குத்த ,இதோ! தாம் நினைத்த இடம் போகுமுன் . இருந்த இடந்தானே விட்டு அசையக் கூடாதவராய்ப் போனார். இதைக் கண்டும் சற்றேனும் மணமிளகாத அந்தச் சண்டாளன். ஆ! கொடூரமே! ஓர் வாளை எடுத்து ஓங்கி பரிசுத்த வேதசாட்சியின் தலையை வெட்டினான்.

இதோ! அந்தோனி கிரிமினாலி என்ற குருவானவர் தாம் அவ்வளவு காலம் ஆசித்து வந்த பலியும் இன்றைக்கு நிறைவேறலாயிற்று! ஐயோ! அவ்விடத்துக் கிறிஸ்துவர்களும் அவ்வளவு சீக்கிரம் தங்கள் அருமைத் தந்தையை இழந்த பிரலாபத்துக்குரிய குழந்தைகள் போலுமானார்கள்.

ஆயினும் சிலாபத்துறை பக்கத்தில் உண்டாகத் துவக்கின திருச்சபையில் அதின் விசுவாசத்துக்குரிய சாட்சியாக இக்குருவானவர் மாத்திரமல்ல. *ஆனால் அவரோடு கூட சுதேசிக் கிறிஸ்துவர்க்ளில் அநேகரும் உயிரிழந்தார்களாமே*.

இவர்களோ தங்கள் பரிசுத்த அப்போஸ்தலர் ஏவுதலினால் சர்வேசுரனுக்காக உயிர் கொடுத்தார்கள். கருத்தே ஒருவனே வேதசாட்சிகள் என்பதற்குச் சந்தேகமேயில்லை. *இது சுதேச கிறிஸ்துவர்களுக்கு எவ்வளேவா மேலான மகிமை! விஷேசமாய் பரதக் குலத்தோரான கிறிஸ்துவர்களே, உங்கள் குல உபதேசியார் தன் குருவின் பாதத்தில் வேதத்துக்காகக் கொல்லப்பட்டு மரிக்கும் பாக்கியம் பெற்றீர்களாதலால் உங்களுக்கு வாழி, வாழி!*

இது நிற்க இப்பேர்க்கொத்த சங்காரத்துக்குப் பின் அக்கியானிகள் போர்த்துக்கீசர் கடற்கரையை அடுத்துக் கட்டியிருந்த சொற்பக் கோட்டைக்கு முன்பாக வண. அந்தோனி கிரிமினாலி என்ற குருவானவரின் சிரசையும், இரத்தத்தில் தோய்ந்திருந்த அவர் உட்சட்டையையும் ஓர் கம்பத்தில் கட்டித் தொங்க வைத்திருந்தார் களென்று, நமது வேத சாட்சியின் காலத்தில் உயிரோடு இருந்தவர்களான ஆறு குருக்கள் கோவாப் பட்டணத்து மேற்றிராணியாருக்கு எழுதியிருக்கிறார்கள். மேலும் குரூர குணமுள்ள அந்த அக்கியானிகள் அங்கே கம்பத்தில் தொங்கிக் கொண்டிருந்த வேத சாட்யின் திருச்சிரசை யெடுத்து, தாங்கள் கொண்ட திருச்சிரசையெடித்து, தாங்கள் கொண்ட வெற்றிக்கு அடையாளமாகவும், தங்கள் தெய்வத்துக்கு நன்றியறிந்த தோத்திரமாகவும் பெரிதான தங்கள் கோவிலுக்கு கொண்டு போனார்கள் என்று முன் சொன்ன ஆறு பேரில் ஒருவராகிய சங்.சீப்பிரியானியென்ற குருவானவர் வரைந்திருக்கிறார்.

இவ்வாறே வண. அந்தோணி கிரிமினாலி என்னும் குருவானவர் சத்திய வேதத்துக்காக இரத்தம் சிந்தி, சேசு சபையின் முதல் வேத சாட்சியானது 1549-ம் வருஷ்ம் மே மாதக் கடைசி அல்லது ஜீன் மாதத் துவக்கத்திலேயாம்.

Since many of our distant cousins were felled in battles of Vedhalai, some along with Father Criminali, Vedhalai has a special place in Parava History

by A.X Alexander